Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Review

Current Status of and Perspectives on Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea: Sung-Chul Lim, Chong Woo Yoo; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(4):210-216. Published online May 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.04.11

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Since the introduction of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear system in 1943, cervicovaginal cytology has been used as a standard screening test for cervical cancer. The dissemination of this test contributed to reductions of the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer worldwide. In Korea, regular health check-ups for industrial workers and their family members were introduced in 1988 and were performed as part of the National Cancer Screening Program in 1999. As a result, the incidence of cervical cancer in Korea has been steadily decreasing. However, about 800 cases of cervical cancer-related deaths are reported each year due to false-negative test results. Hence, new screening methods have been proposed. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced in 1996 to overcome the limitations of conventional Pap smears. Since then, other LBC methods have been developed and utilized, including the human papilloma virus test—a method with higher sensitivity that requires fewer screenings. In this study, we review current issues and future perspectives related to cervical cancer screening in Korea.

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Original Article

PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb Expression in Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Ju Kang, Chong Woo Yoo, Weon Seo Park, Jun Sun Ryu, Yuh-Seog Jung, Sung Weon Choi, Joo Yong Park, Nayoung Han; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(1):23-30. Published online November 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.10.12

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Abstract PDF

Background
Recent findings in molecular pathology suggest that genetic translocation and/oroverexpression of oncoproteins is important in salivary gland tumorigenesis and diagnosis. Weinvestigated PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb protein expression in various salivary gland neoplasm tissues.
Methods
A total of 113 cases of surgically resected salivary gland neoplasms at the NationalCancer Center from January 2007 to March 2017 were identified. Immunohistochemical stainingof PLAG1, SOX10, and Myb in tissue samples was performed using tissue microarrays.
Results
Among the 113 cases, 82 (72.6%) were benign and 31 (27.4%) were malignant. PLAG1 showednuclear staining and normal parotid gland was not stained. Among 48 cases of pleomorphicadenoma, 29 (60.4%) were positive for PLAG1. All other benign and malignant salivary glandneoplasms were PLAG1-negative. SOX10 showed nuclear staining. In normal salivary gland tissuesSOX10 was expressed in cells of acinus and intercalated ducts. In benign tumors, SOX10 expressionwas observed in all pleomorphic adenoma (48/48), and basal cell adenoma (3/3), but not inother benign tumors. SOX10 positivity was observed in nine of 31 (29.0%) malignant tumors.Myb showed nuclear staining but was not detected in normal parotid glands. Four of 31 (12.9%)malignant tumors showed Myb positivity: three adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) and onemyoepithelial carcinoma with focal AdCC-like histology.
Conclusions
PLAG1 expression is specificto pleomorphic adenoma. SOX10 expression is helpful to rule out excretory duct origin tumor,but its diagnostic value is relatively low. Myb is useful for diagnosing AdCC when histology isunclear in the surgical specimen.

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Case Reports

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosis of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: Three Case Reports with Review of Literature: Joon Seon Song, Chong Woo Yoo, Youngmee Kwon, Eun Kyung Hong; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):399-406. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.399

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Abstract PDF

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is relatively rare and it occurs almost exclusively in women. We recently experienced three cases of SPN diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). These three cases were two male and one female patient whose age was 29, 37, and 44 years old. Radiological diagnosis was pancreatic endocrine tumor (PEN) showing solid with a heterogenous echogenicity. EUS-FNA cytology specimens consisted of single cells and aggregates of uniform cells, forming microadenoid structures, branching, papillary clusters with delicate fibrovascular cores. In conclusion, a single diagnosis of SPN based on clinical and radiological findings would be risky because there is a possibility of it being misdiagnosed as PEN or other malignancies. An EUS-FNA is therefore essential for establishing the diagnosis. In addition, the pathologists should recognize the characteristic cytologic findings with immunoprofiles of SPN to prevent misdiagnosis of SPN.

Citations

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Kelli N. Patterson, Andrew T. Trout, Archana Shenoy, Maisam Abu-El-Haija, Jaimie D. Nathan
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Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in male patients: systematic review with three new cases
Anna Caterina Milanetto, Anna-Lea Gais Zürcher, Lorenzo Macchi, Alina David, Claudio Pasquali
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Silencing c-Myc Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Bufalin by Suppressing the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Xia Liu, Yayun Zhou, Jiamin Peng, Bei Xie, Qiyang Shou, Jianchao Wang
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Simultaneous colorectal and parenchymal-sparing liver resection for advanced colorectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases: Between conventional and mini-invasive approaches
Emilio De Raffele, Mariateresa Mirarchi, Dajana Cuicchi, Ferdinando Lecce, Riccardo Casadei, Claudio Ricci, Saverio Selva, Francesco Minni
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(42): 6529. CrossRef
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas showing marked distal atrophy: A case report
Masanori Tsujie, Tomoko Wakasa, Shigeto Mizuno, Hajime Ishikawa, Hironobu Manabe, Taichi Koyama, Kotaro Kitani, Shumpei Satoi, Keisuke Inoue, Shuichi Fukuda, Toshihiko Kawasaki, Masao Yukawa, Yoshio Ohta, Masatoshi Inoue
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Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas in pediatric patients: A case report and institutional case series
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Multicentric solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a case report
Megumi Yamaguchi, Toshikatsu Fukuda, Masahiro Nakahara, Mio Amano, Daisuke Takei, Masumi Kawashima, Yusuke Sumi, Hironobu Amano, Shuji Yonehara, Keiji Hanada, Toshio Noriyuki
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A solid pseudopapillary neoplasm without cysts that occurred in a patient diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a case report
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Yunqiang Cai, Xun Ran, Siming Xie, Xin Wang, Bing Peng, Gang Mai, Xubao Liu
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A case of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm in a middle-aged male preoperatively diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)
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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration improves the pre-operative diagnostic yield of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas: an international multicenter case series (with video)
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Common Arterial Trunk: Report of Five Atopsied Cases.: Gil Hyun Kang, Yong Hee Lee, Chong Woo Yoo, Choong Sik Lee, Hong Ryang Kil, Sang Ho Cho, Jeong Wook Seo; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):1027-1033.

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Abstract PDF: The common arterial trunk is a congenital cardiovascular malformation in which one arterial trunk gives origin to the aortic arch, pulmonary and coronary arteries. Other cardiovascular malformations are often associated, such as ventricular septal defect, aortic arch interruption, patent arterial duct and so on. During the early period of life, the persistence of the increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance results in cyanosis. As the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases, the cyanosis disappears but signs of congestive heart failure become the main problems. We report five cases of common arterial trunk that was confirmed by autopsy at Chungnam National University Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, and Yonsei University Severance Hospital between 1983 and 1995. The ages of these patients at autopsy were 8-28 days and four of them were male. Pulmonary arteries arose as a pulmonary trunk in two cases but three cases showed two arteries arising separately from the posterior wall of the common trunk. The type of ventricular septal defect was juxtatruncal in every case. All five cases had three leaflet truncal valves but three cases showed dysplasia of the leaflets. Interruption of aortic arch was associated in two cases. The cause of death was renal failure in two cases, cardiac failure after corrective surgery in two cases, and pulmonary edema and failure in one case.

Original Articles

Histopathologic Analysis of the Repeated Renal Biopsies in the Course of Lupus Nephropathy.: Chong Woo Yoo, Hyun Soon Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):436-445.

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Abstract PDF: Lupus nephropathy shows a variable clinical course including remission, relapse and progression to renal failure. To examine the clinical or morphological parameters which might be related to the progression of lupus nephropathy, we have analyzed renal biopsies of 19 patients (M : F=5 : 14), who underwent repeated renal biopsies by morphology and morphometry. The average age of the patients was 22.8+/-9.0 years. The mean interval between two biopsies was 34.5+/-13.3 months. The first renal biopsies of these patients were diagnosed with WHO class IV (74%), class II (11%), class I (5%), class III (5%), and class V (5%). According to the clinical data the patients were divided into 3 groups, static, relapsing and progressive. At the time of the first biopsies, the amount of proteinuria in both the static and relapsing groups was significantly higher than that in the progressive group (P<0.05). The volume density of the renal cortical interstitium of the first biopsies in the progressive group was significantly greater than that in the static and relapsing groups (0.14+/-0.07 micrometer3/micrometer3 vs. 0.05+/-0.02 micrometer3/micrometer3, P<0.05; 0.14+/-0.07 micrometer3/micrometer3 vs. 0.05+/-0.04 micrometer3/micrometer3, P<0.05). The activity index of the second biopsies in the relapsing group was significantly higher than that in the static group (2.7+/-0.6 vs 1.2+/-1.0, P<0.05). In the progressive group, the percentage of glomeruli with global sclerosis and the volume density of the renal cortical interstitium in the second biopsies was elevated over the first biopsies (P<0.05). Half of the patients in the static and relapsing groups underwent a morphologic transformation on the second biopsy. However, of the 7 patients in the progressive group, only one showed a transformation from WHO class IV to class III, suggesting that the transformation is not related to the progression of lupus nephropathy. These results suggest that interstitial expansion and heavy proteinuria at the time of the first renal biopsy may bode for poor prognosis in lupus nephropathy. Furthermore, they suggest that an increased histologic activity index could be related to the relapse of the disease.

Plastination: An Improved Method for Preservation of Pathology Specimens.: Chong Woo Yoo, Min Ho Choo, Sa Sun Cho, Sang Kook Lee, Je Geun Chi, Woo Ho Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(7):531-534.

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Abstract: The gross tissue specimens are a valuable aid to the teaching of pathology and anatomy. However, traditional methods for storage and handling of them are discouragingly difficult and, recently, minimal surgical resections as well as preoperative interventions make it more difficult to have instructive gross specimens. Plastination is a process of tissue preservation by impregnation with silicone polymers or epoxy resins. The process in our study involves dehydration by cryosubstitution in aceton, defatting, forced impregnation of silicon polymer in a vacuum, curing and finishing. We submitted 40 surgically resected specimens to plastination. The resulting specimens are odorless, relatively dry, durable, life-like, non-hazardous, maintenance-free, and do not deteriorate with time. Plastinated specimens are a useful adjunct to the teaching of pathology, particularly suited for use in small groups, and appropriate method of tissue preservation. They are much preferred to wet preparation and conventional pots by both students and teachers owing to their accessibility, superior illustrative powers, and comparative ease of interpretation.

A Multiinstitutional Consensus Study on the Pathologic Diagnosis of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma.: Kwang Sun Suh, Insun Kim, Moon Hyang Park, Geung Hwan Ahn, Jin Hee Sohn, In Ae Park, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Kyu Rae Kim, Hee Jung An, Dong Won Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Hee Jae Joo, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Hee Choi, Chong Woo Yoo, Kyung Un Choi, Sang Yeop Yi, Hye Sun Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Hee Jeong Lee, Sun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):87-93.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of both the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or adenocarcinoma, and the histologic grading (HG) of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC).
METHODS
Ninety-three cases of EH or adenocarcinomas were reviewed independently by 21 pathologists of the Gynecologic Pathology Study Group. A consensus diagnosis was defined as agreement among more than two thirds of the 21 pathologists.
RESULTS
There was no agreement on the diagnosis in 13 cases (14.0%). According to the consensus review, six of the 11 EH cases (54.5%) were diagnosed as EH, 48 of the 57 EC cases (84.2%) were EC, and 5 of the 6 serous carcinomas (SC) (83.3%) were SC. There was no consensus for the 6 atypical EH (AEH) cases. On the HG of EC, there was no agreement in 2 cases (3.5%). According to the consensus review, 30 of the 33 G1 cases (90.9%) were G1, 11 of the 18 G2 cases (61.1%) were G2, and 4 of the 4 G3 cases (100.0%) were G3.
CONCLUSIONS
The consensus study showed high agreement for both EC and SC, but there was no consensus for AEH. The reproducibility for the HG of G2 was poor. We suggest that simplification of the classification of EH and a two-tiered grading system for EC will be necessary.

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